Synovial Sarcoma is an uncommon yet aggressive cancer with about 7-8% documented cases of all malignant sarcomas. The tumor usually grows in the limbs; particularly the lower limb tissues near the tendon sheaths or that surround the large joints, the dorsum of the foot for instance. Commonly affected age groups are the adults aged 30 to 50, but more than ¼ of the cases include children ang teenagers. The inclusion of the word synovial does not suggest that the disease is in synovial membrane in origin. In fact, the malignancy originates from the multipotent stem cells that become specialized as mesenchymal or epithelial components. The cause remains unknown. Abnormal cells though present a translocation which unites SYT gene and SSX1 gene.

Anatomically, the tumor is small, deep-rooted, nontender, well circumscribed and gradually growing. The patient is observed to present a palpable, growing mass in lower or upper extremities. Metastasis is more common in the lungs, bones and lymph nodes.

Basing on its histological appearance alone, identification can be difficult. Mostly, clear-cut diagnosis is made only after radiological investigations, tumor biopsy and immunohistochemical examination. Another important method that may provide a convincing proof is the presence of the distinctive cytogenic translocation. There is no definite treatment. Preferred treatment is complete surgical removal.